Global Ceramide NP Supply, Demand and Key Producers, 2023-2029

Description

The global Ceramide NP market size is expected to reach $ million by 2029, rising at a market growth of % CAGR during the forecast period (2023-2029).

Ceramide is a natural moisturizing factor and oil-soluble. It is an important oily activating ingredient in the stratum corneum. It can build and maintain the skin's lipid barrier and rebuild cell adhesion. It is suitable for moisturizing mature skin. Ceramide NP is a synthetic ingredient, which is obtained by acylation of Phytosphingosine and stearic acid. It has a good effect on skin moisturizing and repairing.

This report studies the global Ceramide NP production, demand, key manufacturers, and key regions.

This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the world market for Ceramide NP, and provides market size (US$ million) and Year-over-Year (YoY) Growth, considering 2022 as the base year. This report explores demand trends and competition, as well as details the characteristics of Ceramide NP that contribute to its increasing demand across many markets.

Highlights and key features of the study
Global Ceramide NP total production and demand, 2018-2029, (Kiloton)
Global Ceramide NP total production value, 2018-2029, (USD Million)
Global Ceramide NP production by region & country, production, value, CAGR, 2018-2029, (USD Million) & (Kiloton)
Global Ceramide NP consumption by region & country, CAGR, 2018-2029 & (Kiloton)
U.S. VS China: Ceramide NP domestic production, consumption, key domestic manufacturers and share
Global Ceramide NP production by manufacturer, production, price, value and market share 2018-2023, (USD Million) & (Kiloton)
Global Ceramide NP production by Type, production, value, CAGR, 2018-2029, (USD Million) & (Kiloton)
Global Ceramide NP production by Application production, value, CAGR, 2018-2029, (USD Million) & (Kiloton)
This reports profiles key players in the global Ceramide NP market based on the following parameters – company overview, production, value, price, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments. Key companies covered as a part of this study include Axiom Ingredients, DSM, Evonik, Doosan, Bionest and Ashland, etc.

This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals, COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War Influence.

Stakeholders would have ease in decision-making through various strategy matrices used in analyzing the World Ceramide NP market
Detailed Segmentation:
Each section contains quantitative market data including market by value (US$ Millions), volume (production, consumption) & (Kiloton) and average price (US$/Ton) by manufacturer, by Type, and by Application. Data is given for the years 2018-2029 by year with 2022 as the base year, 2023 as the estimate year, and 2024-2029 as the forecast year.

Global Ceramide NP Market, By Region:
    United States
    China
    Europe
    Japan
    South Korea
    ASEAN
    India
    Rest of World

Global Ceramide NP Market, Segmentation by Type
    Fermentation Ceramide
    Plant Extract Ceramide

Global Ceramide NP Market, Segmentation by Application
    Cosmetic
    Food
    Pharmaceutical
    Others

Companies Profiled:
    Axiom Ingredients
    DSM
    Evonik
    Doosan
    Bionest
    Ashland

Key Questions Answered
1. How big is the global Ceramide NP market?
2. What is the demand of the global Ceramide NP market?
3. What is the year over year growth of the global Ceramide NP market?
4. What is the production and production value of the global Ceramide NP market?
5. Who are the key producers in the global Ceramide NP market?
6. What are the growth factors driving the market demand?

Table of Contents

1 Supply Summary
    1.1 Ceramide NP Introduction
    1.2 World Ceramide NP Supply & Forecast
        1.2.1 World Ceramide NP Production Value (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
        1.2.2 World Ceramide NP Production (2018-2029)
        1.2.3 World Ceramide NP Pricing Trends (2018-2029)
    1.3 World Ceramide NP Production by Region (Based on Production Site)
        1.3.1 World Ceramide NP Production Value by Region (2018-2029)
        1.3.2 World Ceramide NP Production by Region (2018-2029)
        1.3.3 World Ceramide NP Average Price by Region (2018-2029)
        1.3.4 North America Ceramide NP Production (2018-2029)
        1.3.5 Europe Ceramide NP Production (2018-2029)
        1.3.6 China Ceramide NP Production (2018-2029)
        1.3.7 Japan Ceramide NP Production (2018-2029)
    1.4 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends
        1.4.1 Ceramide NP Market Drivers
        1.4.2 Factors Affecting Demand
        1.4.3 Ceramide NP Major Market Trends
    1.5 Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War
        1.5.1 Influence of COVID-19
        1.5.2 Influence of Russia-Ukraine War

2 Demand Summary
    2.1 World Ceramide NP Demand (2018-2029)
    2.2 World Ceramide NP Consumption by Region
        2.2.1 World Ceramide NP Consumption by Region (2018-2023)
        2.2.2 World Ceramide NP Consumption Forecast by Region (2024-2029)
    2.3 United States Ceramide NP Consumption (2018-2029)
    2.4 China Ceramide NP Consumption (2018-2029)
    2.5 Europe Ceramide NP Consumption (2018-2029)
    2.6 Japan Ceramide NP Consumption (2018-2029)
    2.7 South Korea Ceramide NP Consumption (2018-2029)
    2.8 ASEAN Ceramide NP Consumption (2018-2029)
    2.9 India Ceramide NP Consumption (2018-2029)

3 World Ceramide NP Manufacturers Competitive Analysis
    3.1 World Ceramide NP Production Value by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
    3.2 World Ceramide NP Production by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
    3.3 World Ceramide NP Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
    3.4 Ceramide NP Company Evaluation Quadrant
    3.5 Industry Rank and Concentration Rate (CR)
        3.5.1 Global Ceramide NP Industry Rank of Major Manufacturers
        3.5.2 Global Concentration Ratios (CR4) for Ceramide NP in 2022
        3.5.3 Global Concentration Ratios (CR8) for Ceramide NP in 2022
    3.6 Ceramide NP Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
        3.6.1 Ceramide NP Market: Region Footprint
        3.6.2 Ceramide NP Market: Company Product Type Footprint
        3.6.3 Ceramide NP Market: Company Product Application Footprint
    3.7 Competitive Environment
        3.7.1 Historical Structure of the Industry
        3.7.2 Barriers of Market Entry
        3.7.3 Factors of Competition
    3.8 New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
    3.9 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations

4 United States VS China VS Rest of the World
    4.1 United States VS China: Ceramide NP Production Value Comparison
        4.1.1 United States VS China: Ceramide NP Production Value Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
        4.1.2 United States VS China: Ceramide NP Production Value Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
    4.2 United States VS China: Ceramide NP Production Comparison
        4.2.1 United States VS China: Ceramide NP Production Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
        4.2.2 United States VS China: Ceramide NP Production Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
    4.3 United States VS China: Ceramide NP Consumption Comparison
        4.3.1 United States VS China: Ceramide NP Consumption Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
        4.3.2 United States VS China: Ceramide NP Consumption Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
    4.4 United States Based Ceramide NP Manufacturers and Market Share, 2018-2023
        4.4.1 United States Based Ceramide NP Manufacturers, Headquarters and Production Site (States, Country)
        4.4.2 United States Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production Value (2018-2023)
        4.4.3 United States Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production (2018-2023)
    4.5 China Based Ceramide NP Manufacturers and Market Share
        4.5.1 China Based Ceramide NP Manufacturers, Headquarters and Production Site (Province, Country)
        4.5.2 China Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production Value (2018-2023)
        4.5.3 China Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production (2018-2023)
    4.6 Rest of World Based Ceramide NP Manufacturers and Market Share, 2018-2023
        4.6.1 Rest of World Based Ceramide NP Manufacturers, Headquarters and Production Site (State, Country)
        4.6.2 Rest of World Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production Value (2018-2023)
        4.6.3 Rest of World Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production (2018-2023)

5 Market Analysis by Type
    5.1 World Ceramide NP Market Size Overview by Type: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
    5.2 Segment Introduction by Type
        5.2.1 Fermentation Ceramide
        5.2.2 Plant Extract Ceramide
    5.3 Market Segment by Type
        5.3.1 World Ceramide NP Production by Type (2018-2029)
        5.3.2 World Ceramide NP Production Value by Type (2018-2029)
        5.3.3 World Ceramide NP Average Price by Type (2018-2029)

6 Market Analysis by Application
    6.1 World Ceramide NP Market Size Overview by Application: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
    6.2 Segment Introduction by Application
        6.2.1 Cosmetic
        6.2.2 Food
        6.2.3 Pharmaceutical
        6.2.4 Others
    6.3 Market Segment by Application
        6.3.1 World Ceramide NP Production by Application (2018-2029)
        6.3.2 World Ceramide NP Production Value by Application (2018-2029)
        6.3.3 World Ceramide NP Average Price by Application (2018-2029)

7 Company Profiles
    7.1 Axiom Ingredients
        7.1.1 Axiom Ingredients Details
        7.1.2 Axiom Ingredients Major Business
        7.1.3 Axiom Ingredients Ceramide NP Product and Services
        7.1.4 Axiom Ingredients Ceramide NP Production, Price, Value, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
        7.1.5 Axiom Ingredients Recent Developments/Updates
        7.1.6 Axiom Ingredients Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
    7.2 DSM
        7.2.1 DSM Details
        7.2.2 DSM Major Business
        7.2.3 DSM Ceramide NP Product and Services
        7.2.4 DSM Ceramide NP Production, Price, Value, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
        7.2.5 DSM Recent Developments/Updates
        7.2.6 DSM Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
    7.3 Evonik
        7.3.1 Evonik Details
        7.3.2 Evonik Major Business
        7.3.3 Evonik Ceramide NP Product and Services
        7.3.4 Evonik Ceramide NP Production, Price, Value, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
        7.3.5 Evonik Recent Developments/Updates
        7.3.6 Evonik Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
    7.4 Doosan
        7.4.1 Doosan Details
        7.4.2 Doosan Major Business
        7.4.3 Doosan Ceramide NP Product and Services
        7.4.4 Doosan Ceramide NP Production, Price, Value, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
        7.4.5 Doosan Recent Developments/Updates
        7.4.6 Doosan Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
    7.5 Bionest
        7.5.1 Bionest Details
        7.5.2 Bionest Major Business
        7.5.3 Bionest Ceramide NP Product and Services
        7.5.4 Bionest Ceramide NP Production, Price, Value, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
        7.5.5 Bionest Recent Developments/Updates
        7.5.6 Bionest Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
    7.6 Ashland
        7.6.1 Ashland Details
        7.6.2 Ashland Major Business
        7.6.3 Ashland Ceramide NP Product and Services
        7.6.4 Ashland Ceramide NP Production, Price, Value, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
        7.6.5 Ashland Recent Developments/Updates
        7.6.6 Ashland Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses

8 Industry Chain Analysis
    8.1 Ceramide NP Industry Chain
    8.2 Ceramide NP Upstream Analysis
        8.2.1 Ceramide NP Core Raw Materials
        8.2.2 Main Manufacturers of Ceramide NP Core Raw Materials
    8.3 Midstream Analysis
    8.4 Downstream Analysis
    8.5 Ceramide NP Production Mode
    8.6 Ceramide NP Procurement Model
    8.7 Ceramide NP Industry Sales Model and Sales Channels
        8.7.1 Ceramide NP Sales Model
        8.7.2 Ceramide NP Typical Customers

9 Research Findings and Conclusion

10 Appendix
    10.1 Methodology
    10.2 Research Process and Data Source
    10.3 Disclaimer

Table of Figures

List of Tables
    Table 1. World Ceramide NP Production Value by Region (2018, 2022 and 2029) & (USD Million)
    Table 2. World Ceramide NP Production Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
    Table 3. World Ceramide NP Production Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
    Table 4. World Ceramide NP Production Value Market Share by Region (2018-2023)
    Table 5. World Ceramide NP Production Value Market Share by Region (2024-2029)
    Table 6. World Ceramide NP Production by Region (2018-2023) & (Kiloton)
    Table 7. World Ceramide NP Production by Region (2024-2029) & (Kiloton)
    Table 8. World Ceramide NP Production Market Share by Region (2018-2023)
    Table 9. World Ceramide NP Production Market Share by Region (2024-2029)
    Table 10. World Ceramide NP Average Price by Region (2018-2023) & (US$/Ton)
    Table 11. World Ceramide NP Average Price by Region (2024-2029) & (US$/Ton)
    Table 12. Ceramide NP Major Market Trends
    Table 13. World Ceramide NP Consumption Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2018 & 2022 & 2029) & (Kiloton)
    Table 14. World Ceramide NP Consumption by Region (2018-2023) & (Kiloton)
    Table 15. World Ceramide NP Consumption Forecast by Region (2024-2029) & (Kiloton)
    Table 16. World Ceramide NP Production Value by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
    Table 17. Production Value Market Share of Key Ceramide NP Producers in 2022
    Table 18. World Ceramide NP Production by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (Kiloton)
    Table 19. Production Market Share of Key Ceramide NP Producers in 2022
    Table 20. World Ceramide NP Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (US$/Ton)
    Table 21. Global Ceramide NP Company Evaluation Quadrant
    Table 22. World Ceramide NP Industry Rank of Major Manufacturers, Based on Production Value in 2022
    Table 23. Head Office and Ceramide NP Production Site of Key Manufacturer
    Table 24. Ceramide NP Market: Company Product Type Footprint
    Table 25. Ceramide NP Market: Company Product Application Footprint
    Table 26. Ceramide NP Competitive Factors
    Table 27. Ceramide NP New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
    Table 28. Ceramide NP Mergers & Acquisitions Activity
    Table 29. United States VS China Ceramide NP Production Value Comparison, (2018 & 2022 & 2029) & (USD Million)
    Table 30. United States VS China Ceramide NP Production Comparison, (2018 & 2022 & 2029) & (Kiloton)
    Table 31. United States VS China Ceramide NP Consumption Comparison, (2018 & 2022 & 2029) & (Kiloton)
    Table 32. United States Based Ceramide NP Manufacturers, Headquarters and Production Site (States, Country)
    Table 33. United States Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production Value, (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
    Table 34. United States Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production Value Market Share (2018-2023)
    Table 35. United States Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production (2018-2023) & (Kiloton)
    Table 36. United States Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production Market Share (2018-2023)
    Table 37. China Based Ceramide NP Manufacturers, Headquarters and Production Site (Province, Country)
    Table 38. China Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production Value, (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
    Table 39. China Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production Value Market Share (2018-2023)
    Table 40. China Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production (2018-2023) & (Kiloton)
    Table 41. China Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production Market Share (2018-2023)
    Table 42. Rest of World Based Ceramide NP Manufacturers, Headquarters and Production Site (States, Country)
    Table 43. Rest of World Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production Value, (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
    Table 44. Rest of World Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production Value Market Share (2018-2023)
    Table 45. Rest of World Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production (2018-2023) & (Kiloton)
    Table 46. Rest of World Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production Market Share (2018-2023)
    Table 47. World Ceramide NP Production Value by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
    Table 48. World Ceramide NP Production by Type (2018-2023) & (Kiloton)
    Table 49. World Ceramide NP Production by Type (2024-2029) & (Kiloton)
    Table 50. World Ceramide NP Production Value by Type (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
    Table 51. World Ceramide NP Production Value by Type (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
    Table 52. World Ceramide NP Average Price by Type (2018-2023) & (US$/Ton)
    Table 53. World Ceramide NP Average Price by Type (2024-2029) & (US$/Ton)
    Table 54. World Ceramide NP Production Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
    Table 55. World Ceramide NP Production by Application (2018-2023) & (Kiloton)
    Table 56. World Ceramide NP Production by Application (2024-2029) & (Kiloton)
    Table 57. World Ceramide NP Production Value by Application (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
    Table 58. World Ceramide NP Production Value by Application (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
    Table 59. World Ceramide NP Average Price by Application (2018-2023) & (US$/Ton)
    Table 60. World Ceramide NP Average Price by Application (2024-2029) & (US$/Ton)
    Table 61. Axiom Ingredients Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
    Table 62. Axiom Ingredients Major Business
    Table 63. Axiom Ingredients Ceramide NP Product and Services
    Table 64. Axiom Ingredients Ceramide NP Production (Kiloton), Price (US$/Ton), Production Value (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
    Table 65. Axiom Ingredients Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 66. Axiom Ingredients Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
    Table 67. DSM Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
    Table 68. DSM Major Business
    Table 69. DSM Ceramide NP Product and Services
    Table 70. DSM Ceramide NP Production (Kiloton), Price (US$/Ton), Production Value (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
    Table 71. DSM Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 72. DSM Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
    Table 73. Evonik Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
    Table 74. Evonik Major Business
    Table 75. Evonik Ceramide NP Product and Services
    Table 76. Evonik Ceramide NP Production (Kiloton), Price (US$/Ton), Production Value (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
    Table 77. Evonik Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 78. Evonik Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
    Table 79. Doosan Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
    Table 80. Doosan Major Business
    Table 81. Doosan Ceramide NP Product and Services
    Table 82. Doosan Ceramide NP Production (Kiloton), Price (US$/Ton), Production Value (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
    Table 83. Doosan Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 84. Doosan Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
    Table 85. Bionest Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
    Table 86. Bionest Major Business
    Table 87. Bionest Ceramide NP Product and Services
    Table 88. Bionest Ceramide NP Production (Kiloton), Price (US$/Ton), Production Value (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
    Table 89. Bionest Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 90. Ashland Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
    Table 91. Ashland Major Business
    Table 92. Ashland Ceramide NP Product and Services
    Table 93. Ashland Ceramide NP Production (Kiloton), Price (US$/Ton), Production Value (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
    Table 94. Global Key Players of Ceramide NP Upstream (Raw Materials)
    Table 95. Ceramide NP Typical Customers
    Table 96. Ceramide NP Typical Distributors
List of Figure
    Figure 1. Ceramide NP Picture
    Figure 2. World Ceramide NP Production Value: 2018 & 2022 & 2029, (USD Million)
    Figure 3. World Ceramide NP Production Value and Forecast (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
    Figure 4. World Ceramide NP Production (2018-2029) & (Kiloton)
    Figure 5. World Ceramide NP Average Price (2018-2029) & (US$/Ton)
    Figure 6. World Ceramide NP Production Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
    Figure 7. World Ceramide NP Production Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
    Figure 8. North America Ceramide NP Production (2018-2029) & (Kiloton)
    Figure 9. Europe Ceramide NP Production (2018-2029) & (Kiloton)
    Figure 10. China Ceramide NP Production (2018-2029) & (Kiloton)
    Figure 11. Japan Ceramide NP Production (2018-2029) & (Kiloton)
    Figure 12. Ceramide NP Market Drivers
    Figure 13. Factors Affecting Demand
    Figure 14. World Ceramide NP Consumption (2018-2029) & (Kiloton)
    Figure 15. World Ceramide NP Consumption Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
    Figure 16. United States Ceramide NP Consumption (2018-2029) & (Kiloton)
    Figure 17. China Ceramide NP Consumption (2018-2029) & (Kiloton)
    Figure 18. Europe Ceramide NP Consumption (2018-2029) & (Kiloton)
    Figure 19. Japan Ceramide NP Consumption (2018-2029) & (Kiloton)
    Figure 20. South Korea Ceramide NP Consumption (2018-2029) & (Kiloton)
    Figure 21. ASEAN Ceramide NP Consumption (2018-2029) & (Kiloton)
    Figure 22. India Ceramide NP Consumption (2018-2029) & (Kiloton)
    Figure 23. Producer Shipments of Ceramide NP by Manufacturer Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2022
    Figure 24. Global Four-firm Concentration Ratios (CR4) for Ceramide NP Markets in 2022
    Figure 25. Global Four-firm Concentration Ratios (CR8) for Ceramide NP Markets in 2022
    Figure 26. United States VS China: Ceramide NP Production Value Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
    Figure 27. United States VS China: Ceramide NP Production Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
    Figure 28. United States VS China: Ceramide NP Consumption Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
    Figure 29. United States Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production Market Share 2022
    Figure 30. China Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production Market Share 2022
    Figure 31. Rest of World Based Manufacturers Ceramide NP Production Market Share 2022
    Figure 32. World Ceramide NP Production Value by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
    Figure 33. World Ceramide NP Production Value Market Share by Type in 2022
    Figure 34. Fermentation Ceramide
    Figure 35. Plant Extract Ceramide
    Figure 36. World Ceramide NP Production Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
    Figure 37. World Ceramide NP Production Value Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
    Figure 38. World Ceramide NP Average Price by Type (2018-2029) & (US$/Ton)
    Figure 39. World Ceramide NP Production Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
    Figure 40. World Ceramide NP Production Value Market Share by Application in 2022
    Figure 41. Cosmetic
    Figure 42. Food
    Figure 43. Pharmaceutical
    Figure 44. Others
    Figure 45. World Ceramide NP Production Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
    Figure 46. World Ceramide NP Production Value Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
    Figure 47. World Ceramide NP Average Price by Application (2018-2029) & (US$/Ton)
    Figure 48. Ceramide NP Industry Chain
    Figure 49. Ceramide NP Procurement Model
    Figure 50. Ceramide NP Sales Model
    Figure 51. Ceramide NP Sales Channels, Direct Sales, and Distribution
    Figure 52. Methodology
    Figure 53. Research Process and Data Source